BE VERY CAREFUL OF PRICES DRASTICALLY BELOW MINE AS THEY ARE PROBABLY SHIPPED FROM OVERSEAS. WE ONLY SHIP FROM UNITED STATES SUPPLIERS. AND MANY MADE IN THE UNITED STATES. Nutri-Vet Adult-Vite Plus soft chews provide a balance of the best vitamins for dogs, along with minerals, antioxidants and other essential nutrients not always found in dog food. These chicken flavor dog vitamins are designed to optimize health and also incorporate components important for senior dogs, including taurine and vitamins C and E. Vitamin A is essential for normal skin and mucous membrane health, and helps maintain resistance to infections. Vitamin C supports joint, cardiovascular, cognitive, visual and immune system health. Vitamin D facilitates proper absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the intestinal tract. Vitamin E helps maintain normal skin and mucous membranes, cardiovascular function, and a healthy circulatory system. It also protects cells against damaging free radicals. Zinc, magnesium, manganese and copper play an important role in many biological reactions in the body. Thiamine (Vitamin B1) aids in for normal maintenance of the digestive and nervous systems, and also assists with cognitive disorders. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) promotes the release of energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and maintains the integrity of red blood cells. Niacin (Vitamin B3) supports nervous system and brain function, and helps the body release energy from proteins, fats, and carbohydrates during metabolism. Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) helps protein build body tissue and aids in fat metabolism. Vitamin B12 aids in the formation of red blood cells and supports cardiovascular function. It also helps to build genetic material, maintain the nervous system, and metabolize protein and fat. Choline and inositol help support memory and cognitive functioning. Protects cells against damaging free radicals.